Machine for cutting irregular forms



UNTTED sTATns PATENT l oFFjroE. f p

JONATHAN RUSSELL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

'MACHINE FOR CUTTING IRREG-ULAR FORMS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 10,369, dated January 3,` 1854.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JONATHAN RUSSELL, of the city and county o-f Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Cutting Irregular Forms by Patterns; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a -p-art thereof, in which- Figure l, represents a. view from one of the sides.` Fig. 2, represents a top view, and F ig'. 3 represents a vertical cross 'section taken at the line af: of Fig. 2.

Similar letters in the several figures denote like parts.

The nature of my invention consist-s in so combining the spur wheel on the mandrel which carries the pattern, and Vthe spur wheels on the mandrels for carryingv the rough material, with the main wheel for turning them, through their respective carriages, t-hat the carriage which carries the pattern may have a unifo-rm or differential advancing and receding longitudinal motion relatively with the carriage for carrying the rough material, for the purpose of cutting to the same, o-r to a greater or less size than the pattern. And also in hanging the tracers in independent frames within the frames .which carry the cutters, so as to allow the cutters to reduce the rough material to the same or toa greater or less size than the pattern in its transverse di` rection. And also in giving to the pattern and the rough lmaterial a half or less than'a half revolution at each traversing `motion of their respective carriages, for the purpose of cutting or reducing in longitudinal sections witho-ut revolving the pattern or rough Y one.

material. y

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings.

The frame may be constructed in any well known substantial manner of wood,'or iron, or portionsof each, a., a, a, a, representing the posts, and b, b, b, @the side and end rails. A long drum B, to which the power for driving the lathe may be communicated from any first mover, has upon one of the ends of its shaft, a bevel gear pinion C, Fig. 2, which works into a larger bevel gear wheel D, o-n the shaft of which wheel D,

is arranged the .cam arms CZ d. vIn a suitable slot in one of the cam arms l (partially `seenkatF ig. 3,) is an adjustable slide carrying av .wrist pin c, to which one end of the pitman E is attached, the other end of said pitman being connected to a crank i' on the end of the slot-ted rod F. By means of this rod o-r shaft F (as will behereafter described)` a half or less than half a revolu` tion is imparted to the pattern and; rough material, and the adjustment of the"` pitrnan E regulates the extent of this turning of said pattern or ro-ugh material upon their respective mandrels, which will' of `course vary with the special article being operated `upon at the time.

The rod or shaft F, carries the long cog wheel e, said shaft being slotted, and the cog wheel e, having a feather upon it which fits into said slot, in a manner well known to mechanicians, for t-hepurpose of allowing the wheel e, to have a sliding mot-ion alongsaid shaft, but to be turned by said shaft when it turns. Upon the mandrel. g, whichv holds one end, and controls, the pattern H', is a small sp-ur wheel f, which works in the long cog wheel e, andevery portion of a revolution given to the shaft F, is communicated through the wheel e, to the spur wheel f, and of course to the mandrel g, whichl it is attached to. Underneath the long cog wheel e, is another spur wheel f,rwhich meshes with,-but turnsin an oppositie direction to itself; another spur wheel i f still farther below inthe frame.4 Each of these spursf, f, is arranged upon its own special mandrel` g', g", respectively, and both receive their portion ,of a revolu tion from the wheel c-the lower one ff, turning in the same direction with the `rwheel e, but the other f, turning in the op-posite This is for turning a right and `Vleft shoe last, from the same pattern at the same time. And it might be proper to state that, in turning spokes `or any other thing, the opposite sides of which are exactly alike, the moving of one in one direction, and the other in an opposite direction, does notmake any diiference. The rough material is held at one end by the points h, it in the mandrels gf gn, and at the other ends by the scri/125g` Y,

carriages having fo Y- their support andy guides the V-shaped rails K, K, above and O, to which it is firmly attached, a move-v below, and the rod or shaft F, intermediate between them, to move upon. f

The cam arms ci, d, as they are revolved by the wheel D, strikes the arm L, upon which is a dog or pawl 7c (Fig. 2) that works in the teeth of the ratchet wheel M, givingto said ratchet wheel and its shaft ment equivalent Vto one, two, or more, of

its teeth, as may be required-said arm L,

beingV made adjustable for this purpose. The arm L, is driven, to give the feed by the cams d, 0l, and is drawn back for the next operation by the helicalspring Z, (Figs. 2 3

7A) suitable slot, is cut in the ratch wheel M, in which is placed a slide, so'as to be adjustable, and to this slide is attached a wrist pin m, Fig. l, to which is attached one end of the pitman N, the Aother end of said pitman being connected to the carriage H, which carries the rough material. The pit man N, is made in two pieces, one sliding against the other, but held together when properly adjusted by the set screw at n, Fig. l, passing through slots as represented in the drawing. On the upper end of the shaft O, which is the shaft of the ratch wheel M, and as before described permanently attached to, so as to move with, said ratch wheel, is placed an arm P, having a ,slot and a slide in it, to which slide is attached a pin 0 to connect with the pitman p, at one of its ends, the other end being connected to the carriage G, which carries the pattern. This pitman p, may be lengthened and shortened, in the same manner as the pitman N, Vbefore described,.by slots and set screws (as seen at n, Fig. l). As the ratchet wheel is rotated, it moves the carriages forward and back, and carries the pattern H', against and past the tracers u, u, and the rough material against and past the cutters T, T, the tracers causing said cutters to move toward and from the rough material, in exact conformity with thepat tern. Now if the pitmen p, N, are of the same precise length, it is evident that the carriages will travel at the same uniform speed in the same direction, and to the same extent of distance; and the rough material in the one carriage will be dressed to the exact length of the pattern in the other. But if it is desired to dress the rough mate rial longer or shorter than the pattern, and yet preserve the shape of the thing operated upon, in it-s exactness to the pattern, the pitman N, may be lengthened in the one case, or the pitman p, in the other, which accomplishes the purpose fully, and with great'exactness. In order that these carriages may have a differential movement, the upper spur wheel f, is so arranged as that it may travel or slide on the main cog wheel e,

ipositeto, and eachsustaining the other.

but at the same time be` turned in perfect uniformity with the spurs f, f, below it, so that whatever portion of a revolution the pattern `may receive, the rough material shall receive a similar revolution upon its mandrels, so as toA cut away the excess of material, in lo-ngitudinal sections from end to end.

`The cutters T, T, are attached to the ribs 15, t, on the cut-tingcylinder, the shaft or spindles s, s, being their center of motion.

These cutters may be straight or inclined, and any other form of cutting or reducing tools than tho-se represented mayv be used, their function being to remo-ve theexcess of material upon the rough blocks. Motion ,is communicated to the cutters by the bands 7,

passing over t-he drum B, and around the pulleys r, 1, Figs. l, 3. The cutters are hung in the frames W, W, and the tracers u, u,

are hung in independentframes w, w, but

within theframes W W, and said frames w w, by means of the set screws c, o may be so adjusted as that the tracers will allow the cutters to reduce to the exact size of the pattern, in its transverse diameter, or `by moving the tracers forward of, or behind,

the line of the cutting edges to increase or` diminish the transverse diameter ofthe thing'V being cut. This method of enlarging or diminishing the transverse diameters of the thing being cut, together with` the method of increasing or diminishing its length (heretofore described) enables me to` of the sizes and the right and left lasts, but` the heel or toe, or any intermediate portion betweenv them on one side or top of the last, may be enlarged or diminishedby the setting of the tracers, a thing impossible if` the pattern and rough material were to be` revolved or turned entirely around on their mandrels. The spring m forces the frames W, W, and thel tracers and cutters therein up to their work, said frames being hinged so as to move toward or from the pattern and rough material as the tracers may direct or control it.

In turning out thin and light spo-kes, there is an equal pressure on both sides of the pattern, which supports it, and prevents it from bending while being operated upon,

lwhich bend if permitted would be` transferred to the thing being cut from the pattern. The rough material is similarly sustained bythe cutters working yexactly oplt is obvious that, instead of moving the pattern and rough material past the tracers and cutters, said tracers and cutters may move along the pattern and material to be cut, With like result. The turning of the pattern and rough material on Atheir man` drels, may also be done in sections after they have passed the tracers and cutters, in` stead of in the act of passing, turning a section every time they pass and repass, until the Whole half revolution is made.

Having thus fully described the nature of my invention What I claim therein as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. So combining the spur Wheel f, on t-he mandrel which directs the pattern, and the spur Wheels f', f, for controlling the rough material, With the main Wheel e which moves o-r turns them, through their respective carV Y riages, as that the carriage which carries the pattern may have a uniform or differen-A tial advancing and receding longitudinal motion, relatively with regard to the carriage for carrying the rough material, for,

'2. I also claim hanging the tracers in independent frames Within the frames Which carry the cutters, so as to alloW the cutters to bring the rough material to the same, a

greater, or less, size than the pattern in itsv transverse diameter substantially as described.

y3. I also claim giving to t-he pattern and rough-material a half or less than a halfV revolution at each traversing motion of their respective carriages, for the purpose of cutting or `reducing in longitudinal sections. Without revolving the pattern or rough ma terial, substantially asl described.

JONATHAN RUSSELL.- 

